Antibacterial Effectiveness Test of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on the Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteria Causing Acne Vulgaris

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition in teenagers and young adults, often caused by bacterial infections, including Staphylococcus epidermidis. The use of antibiotics as a primary treatment carries the risk of bacterial resistance, highlighting the need for safer natural alternatives such as moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) extract. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of ethanol-based moringa leaf extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis. A true experimental post-test only control group design was used, applying the disc diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method. Extracts at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% were tested, alongside positive (Doxycycline) and negative (distilled water) controls. Inhibition zones were measured in millimeters. Results showed all extract concentrations produced inhibition zones ranging from 0.25 mm to 2.3 mm (classified as resistant), while Doxycycline produced a 28.7 mm zone (classified as sensitive). An conclusion, phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and steroids. Although the antibacterial activity of moringa extract is relatively low, it shows potential for further development.

Keywords: acne vulgaris; Moringa oleifera; Staphylococcus epidermidis; natural antibacterial; inhibition zone