Senam Sebagai Terapi Non Farmakologi yang Paling Dominan untuk Hipertensi pada Lansia

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the health problems that are often found in the elderly. This can happen because the elderly often experience decline both physically, mentally and socially. Currently, alternative approaches or non-pharmacological treatments are developing that can lower blood pressure. The purpose of this literature review was to find various non-pharmacological therapies for hypertension in the elderly. The method used in this study was a systematic literature review. The literature was taken from Dimensions AI on June 19, 2024. The article search used the keywords (Non-pharmacological AND intervention AND blood pressure AND hypertension AND elderly, Non pharmacological AND intervention AND blood pressure AND hypertension AND elderly). The article selection process was guided by the PRISMA flow diagram. The search obtained 850 articles published in 2020-2024, in English and Indonesian, which were then filtered and checked for eligibility so that only 10 articles remained. The review results showed that non-pharmacological therapy for hypertension in the elderly included foot soak hydrotherapy, deep breathing relaxation, murotal, Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique, fitness gymnastics, ergonomic gymnastics, healthy heart gymnastics, elderly gymnastics, laughter therapy and finally tandem walking. Furthermore, it was concluded that the dominant non-pharmacological therapy used for hypertension in the elderly is the gymnastics category.

Keywords: hypertension; elderly; non-pharmacological therapy; gymnastics

ABSTRAK

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang banyak ditemukan pada lansia. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena orang lanjut usia sering mengalami kemunduran baik secara fisik, mental dan kondisi sosial. Saat ini berkembang pendekatan alternatif atau pengobatan non-farmakologis yang mampu menurunkan tekanan darah. Tujuan dari literature review ini adalah mencari berbagai terapi non farmakologi untuk hipertensi pada lansia. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah systematic literature review. Literatur diambil dari Dimensions AI pada tanggal 19 Juni 2024. Pencarian artikel menggunakan kata kunci (Non-pharmacological AND intervention AND blood pressure AND hypertension AND elderly, Non farmakologi AND intervensi AND tekanan darah AND hipertensi AND lansia). Proses pemilihan artikel berpedoman pada diagram alir PRISMA. Pencarian mendapatkan 850 artikel terbitan tahun 2020-2024, berbahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia, yang selanjutnya disaring dan diperiksa kelayakannya sehingga tinggal 10 artikel. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa terapi non farmakologi hipertensi pada lansia mencakup hidroterapi rendam kaki, relaksasi nafas dalam, murotal, Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique, senam bugar, senam ergonomis, senam jantung sehat, senam lansia, terapi tertawa dan terakhir adalah jalan tandem. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa terapi non farmakologi yang dominan digunakan untuk hipertensi pada lansia adalah kategori senam.

Kata kunci: hipertensi; lansia; terapi non farmakologi; senam