Brace Compliance, Cobb Angle, and Quality of Life in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Abstract
Skoliosis idiopatik remaja (AIS) menghadirkan tantangan klinis yang signifikan, dengan penggunaan penyangga (brace) sebagai pengobatan non-bedah utama yang bertujuan untuk menghentikan perkembangan kurva. Namun, efektivitas penggunaan penyangga sangat bergantung pada kepatuhan pasien, namun bukti empiris yang mengintegrasikan koreksi biomekanik seperti perubahan tinggi badan dengan kepatuhan dan kualitas hidup masih langka. Studi ini menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimental longitudinal, pengukuran berulang yang melibatkan 50 remaja perempuan dengan AIS (usia 13-18 tahun, sudut Cobb 20°-35°) di Klinik Ortotik dan Prostetik Mojokerto untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara kepatuhan penggunaan penyangga, perubahan tinggi badan, dan kualitas hidup (QoL) yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan. Partisipan menjalani terapi penyangga selama tiga bulan, dengan tinggi badan diukur pada awal, saat menggunakan penyangga, dan pada tindak lanjut tiga bulan. Kepatuhan penggunaan penyangga dinilai melalui kuesioner, dan QoL menggunakan Modul Skoliosis PedsQL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan sudut Cobb rata-rata yang signifikan sebesar 2,6° (p < 0,001), dengan kelompok kepatuhan yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan penurunan yang lebih besar (p = 0,003). Meskipun tidak ditemukan korelasi signifikan antara tinggi badan dan waktu pemakaian penyangga (r = 0,11, p = 0,42), peserta dengan kepatuhan tinggi melaporkan skor kualitas hidup (QoL) yang secara signifikan lebih baik (85,4 ± 6,0) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kepatuhan sedang (79,3 ± 6,5) dan rendah (71,4 ± 8,1) (p < 0,001). Ketidaknyamanan umumnya ringan. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi bahwa meskipun penggunaan penyangga dapat mengoreksi deformitas tulang belakang dan meningkatkan QoL, kepatuhan pasien adalah faktor yang dapat dimodifikasi secara kritis. Dukungan perilaku, pendidikan, dan keluarga sangat penting untuk mengoptimalkan kepatuhan dan hasil pengobatan, menyoroti perlunya strategi yang berpusat pada pasien dalam manajemen AIS.
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