Penerapan Latihan Intradialitik terhadap Adekuasi Hemodialisis: Literature Review

Isnah Ariyanti, Riri Maria, Masfuri Masfuri

Abstract


Hemodialysis patients were mostly physically inactive and their functional capacity had been reduced, even though exercise could improve physical fitness, aerobic capacity, quality of life, decrease depressive symptoms and include dialysis adequacy (measured as Kt/V). A lower Kt/V value means that the patient had inadequate HD, can lead to increased hospitalization time and costs, increased morbidity and mortality and should therefore be avoided. This study aims to determine the application of intradialytic exercise to hemodialysis adequacy. The method used in this study was literature review with electronic searches on 4 online databases: Wiley Online, Sciencedirect, clinical key and EBSCOhost (Medline and CINAHL plus). The keywords used were "Intradialytic Exercise", "Intradialytic Training", "Hemodialysis Adequacy", "Urea reduction" and "Kt / V". The criteria for the articles chosen in this paper: full text, published in 2015-2020 and in English. Selected articles were assessed for quality using an evaluation table. From the search results and assessed for quality, there were 7 articles. The results showed that the application of intradialytic exercise improves hemodialysis adequacy, quality of life, physical fitness, lowers blood pressure, and had an effect on the mental of hemodialysis patients. In its application, it needs support from staff and hospital organizations so that it could be carried out optimally without neglecting other important tasks. The type of exercise most widely used was aerobic exercise. This exercise did not require special tools like other types of exercises. Easy to implement and did not cause side effects, so it is recommended as a type of exercise that can be applied.
Keywords: intradialytic exercise; hemodialysis adequacy

ABSTRAK

Pasien hemodialisis sebagian besar tidak aktif secara fisik dan kapasitas fungsionalnya telah berkurang padahal olahraga/latihan dapat meningkatan kebugaran fisik, kapasitas aerobik, kualitas hidup, berkurangnya gejala depresi dan termasuk adekuasi dialisis (diukur sebagai Kt/V). Nilai Kt/V yang lebih rendah berarti HD yang dijalani pasien tidak memadai, dapat menyebabkan peningkatan waktu rawat inap dan biaya, peningkatan morbiditas serta mortalitas dan karena itu harus dihindari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan latihan intradialitik terhadap adekuasi hemodialisis. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah literatur review dengan pencarian elektronik pada 4 database online yaitu: Wiley Online, Sciencedirect, clinical key dan EBSCOhost (Medline dan CINAHL plus). Kata kunci yang digunakan “Intradialytic Exercise”, “Intradialytic Training”, “Hemodialysis Adequacy”, “Urea reduction” dan “Kt/V”. Kriteria artikel yang dipilih dalam penulisan ini adalah full text, dipublikasi tahun 2015-2020 dan berbahasa Inggris. Artikel terpilih dilakukan penilaian kualitas menggunakan tabel evaluasi. Dari hasil pencarian dan penilaian kualitas didapatkan sebanyak 7 artikel. Didapatkan hasil bahwa penerapan latihan intradialitik meningkatkan adekuasi hemodialisis, kualitas hidup, kebugaran fisik, menurunkan tekanan darah, dan berefek pada mental pasien hemodialisis. Pada penerapannya perlu dukungan dari staf dan organisasi rumah sakit sehingga dapat dilaksanakan secara maksimal tanpa mengabaikan tugas penting lainnya. Jenis latihan yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu latihan aerobik. Latihan ini tidak membutuhkan alat khusus seperti jenis latihan lain. Mudah dilaksanakan dan tidak menimbulkan efek samping, sehingga direkomendasikan sebagai jenis latihan yang dapat diterapkan.
Kata kunci: latihan intradialitik; adekuasi hemodialisis

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf12303

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